Adjusting Impact Sprinklers: A Simple Guide

Hey there! Ever found yourself staring at your impact sprinkler, wondering how to make it water your lawn just right? You're not alone! Impact sprinklers, those trusty workhorses of lawn irrigation, can sometimes seem a bit finicky. But don't worry, adjusting them is easier than you might think. In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps to tweak your impact sprinkler system, so you can get the perfect pressure, spray pattern, and arc for your yard.

Understanding Impact Sprinklers

Before diving into the adjustments, let's get to know our subject a little better. Impact sprinklers, also known as impulse sprinklers, are those classic sprinkler heads that make a distinctive "tick-tick-tick" sound as they rotate. They work by using the force of the water to drive a rotating arm, which then hits the stream of water, breaking it up and distributing it over your lawn. This rotating action is powered by a bearing, allowing for that full 360-degree coverage we often see.

The beauty of impact sprinklers lies in their adjustability. Unlike some other types of sprinklers, you can fine-tune impact sprinklers to suit your specific lawn needs. Whether you want to adjust the distance of the spray, the arc of coverage, or the water pressure, impact sprinklers offer a level of control that's hard to beat. Plus, they're known for their durability and resistance to clogging, making them a reliable choice for many homeowners. Understanding the basic mechanics of an impact sprinkler will make the adjustment process much smoother. So, let's get started and transform your sprinkler from a water-wasting wanderer into a precision irrigation machine!

Adjusting the Spray Distance

One of the most common adjustments you might want to make to your impact sprinkler is the spray distance. If your sprinkler is watering the sidewalk more than the grass, or if the water is falling short of its target, adjusting the spray distance can make a big difference. Here’s how to do it:

1. Locate the Deflector Shield or Diffuser Screw

Most impact sprinklers have a small, adjustable deflector shield or a diffuser screw located near the nozzle. This is the key to controlling the water stream. The deflector shield is often a small, curved piece of metal or plastic, while the diffuser screw is a small screw that you can turn to adjust the water stream.

2. Adjust the Deflector Shield or Diffuser Screw

• For a Deflector Shield: Gently bend the deflector shield up or down. Bending it down will deflect the water stream more, shortening the spray distance. Bending it up will allow the water to travel further.
• For a Diffuser Screw: Use a screwdriver to turn the diffuser screw. Turning it clockwise will break up the water stream, reducing the spray distance. Turning it counterclockwise will create a more concentrated stream, increasing the spray distance.

3. Test and Fine-Tune

After making your adjustment, turn on the sprinkler and observe the spray pattern. Is the water reaching the desired distance? If not, make further adjustments to the deflector shield or diffuser screw until you achieve the desired result. Remember, small adjustments can make a big difference, so take your time and be patient.

Adjusting the spray distance is crucial for efficient watering. By directing the water exactly where it needs to go, you can conserve water and ensure that your lawn gets the hydration it needs without wasting water on areas that don't need it. This simple adjustment can significantly improve the health and appearance of your lawn while also saving you money on your water bill.

Adjusting the Arc of Coverage

The arc of coverage refers to the portion of a circle that your sprinkler waters. Full-circle coverage means the sprinkler rotates 360 degrees, while a partial circle means it only waters a section of the area around it. Adjusting the arc is essential for ensuring that your entire lawn is watered evenly, especially if you have oddly shaped areas or obstacles like flower beds or walkways.

1. Locate the Adjustment Collars or Trip Levers

Impact sprinklers typically have two adjustable collars or trip levers located at the base of the sprinkler head. These collars or levers control the start and stop points of the sprinkler's rotation. One collar or lever determines where the sprinkler starts watering, and the other determines where it stops.

2. Adjust the Collars or Levers

• Moving the Collars: Loosen the collars (if necessary) and slide them along the base of the sprinkler head. The closer the collars are to each other, the smaller the arc of coverage. The farther apart they are, the larger the arc. Make sure the collars are securely tightened after adjustment to prevent them from slipping.
• Adjusting the Trip Levers: Trip levers work by physically stopping the sprinkler's rotation at the desired points. Adjusting the position of these levers changes the arc of coverage. Simply move the levers to the desired start and stop points.

3. Test and Fine-Tune

Turn on the sprinkler and observe the arc of coverage. Does it water the desired area? If not, readjust the collars or levers until you achieve the perfect arc. It may take a few tries to get it just right, but the effort is worth it. A well-adjusted arc ensures that all parts of your lawn receive adequate water, promoting healthy growth and preventing dry spots.

Adjusting the arc of coverage is particularly useful for lawns with irregular shapes or for targeting specific areas. For example, if you have a narrow strip of grass along your driveway, you can adjust the arc to water only that strip, avoiding the driveway altogether. This level of precision helps to conserve water and maintain a lush, green lawn.

Adjusting the Water Pressure

Water pressure plays a significant role in the performance of your impact sprinkler. Too much pressure can cause the water to mist, leading to evaporation and uneven watering. Too little pressure can result in a weak spray that doesn't reach the entire desired area. Finding the right balance is key to efficient and effective irrigation.

1. Check Your Home's Water Pressure

Before adjusting the sprinkler itself, it's a good idea to check your home's overall water pressure. You can use a water pressure gauge, which can be purchased at most hardware stores. Simply attach the gauge to an outdoor faucet and turn on the water. A typical home water pressure should be between 40 and 60 PSI (pounds per square inch).

2. Adjust the Sprinkler Head (if Possible)

Some impact sprinkler heads have a built-in pressure adjustment feature. Look for a small screw or dial on the sprinkler head that allows you to regulate the water flow. Turning the screw clockwise will reduce the pressure, while turning it counterclockwise will increase it. However, not all impact sprinklers have this feature, so check your specific model.

3. Install a Pressure Regulator

If your home's water pressure is consistently too high, or if your sprinkler head doesn't have a pressure adjustment feature, you may need to install a pressure regulator. A pressure regulator is a device that reduces the water pressure to a safe and consistent level. It can be installed on the main water line or directly on the sprinkler system.

4. Use Nozzles with Different Flow Rates

Another way to manage water pressure is to use nozzles with different flow rates. Nozzles with smaller openings will reduce the water flow and pressure, while nozzles with larger openings will increase it. Experiment with different nozzles to find the best option for your lawn's needs.

5. Test and Monitor

After making any adjustments to the water pressure, it's important to test and monitor the performance of your sprinkler system. Observe the spray pattern and coverage, and make further adjustments as needed. Keep an eye on your lawn for signs of overwatering or underwatering, such as yellowing leaves or dry patches.

Maintaining the correct water pressure is essential for the health and efficiency of your sprinkler system. By ensuring that your sprinklers are operating at the optimal pressure, you can conserve water, prevent damage to your system, and keep your lawn looking its best.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Even with careful adjustments, you might encounter some common issues with your impact sprinklers. Here are a few troubleshooting tips to help you keep your system running smoothly:

• Sprinkler Not Rotating: Check for debris or obstructions in the sprinkler head. Clean the nozzle and make sure the rotating arm is free to move. Also, ensure that the water pressure is sufficient.
• Uneven Coverage: Adjust the spray distance and arc of coverage to ensure that all areas of your lawn are receiving adequate water. Check for clogged nozzles or damaged sprinkler heads.
• Leaks: Inspect the sprinkler head and connections for leaks. Tighten any loose fittings and replace any damaged parts.
• Low Water Pressure: Check your home's water pressure and ensure that it is within the recommended range. Clean any filters or screens in the sprinkler system.

By addressing these common issues promptly, you can keep your impact sprinkler system in top condition and ensure that your lawn stays healthy and vibrant.

Conclusion

Adjusting an impact sprinkler might seem daunting at first, but with a little patience and know-how, you can fine-tune your system to achieve optimal performance. By adjusting the spray distance, arc of coverage, and water pressure, you can ensure that your lawn receives the right amount of water, exactly where it needs it. Regular maintenance and troubleshooting will keep your sprinklers running smoothly for years to come. So, grab your tools, head out to your yard, and start tweaking those sprinklers! Your lawn will thank you for it.

For more information on maintaining your lawn and garden, check out resources from trusted sources such as the EPA's Water-Efficient Landscaping